Perbandingan Efektivitas Core Stabilization Exercise dan McKenzie Exercise terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Non-Spesifik: Meta-Analisis
Abstract
Nyeri punggung bawah non-spesifik (NSLBP) merupakan masalah muskuloskeletal yang umum terjadi dan menyebabkan nyeri serta keterbatasan fungsional. Terapi latihan secara luas direkomendasikan, namun bukti yang membandingkan Core Stabilization Exercises (CSE) dan McKenzie Exercises (ME) masih bervariasi. Meta-analisis ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas CSE dan ME dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri pada orang dewasa dengan NSLBP. Tinjauan sistematis dan meta-analisis dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian dilakukan pada Scopus, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar dari tahun 2020 hingga Oktober 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) yang melibatkan peserta berusia 18–65 tahun dengan NSLBP disertakan. Hasil nyeri dianalisis menggunakan Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) menggunakan random-effects model. Tujuh Studi RCT dengan 330 peserta memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis gabungan menunjukkan bahwa CSE secara signifikan menurunkan intensitas nyeri dibandingkan ME (SMD = –0.65; 95% CI = –1.21 hingga –0.08; p = 0.02). Heterogenitas yang cukup besar diamati (I² = 83%), kemungkinan disebabkan oleh variasi durasi intervensi, intensitas, dan karakteristik peserta. CSE lebih efektif dibandingkan ME dalam mengurangi nyeri pada dewasa dengan NSLBP. Meskipun heterogenitas tinggi, temuan ini mendukung integrasi CSE dalam program rehabilitasi untuk manajemen nyeri optimal. Diperlukan RCT yang lebih terstandarisasi dan berkualitas tinggi untuk memastikan efek jangka panjang dan perbedaan subkelompok.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33666/jitk.v17i1.720
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