Design and Development of an Incubator Temperature Control System Based on DHT21 Sensor and Relay Module with Automatic Parameter Configuration Feature

Abstract

Incubator systems require highly stable temperature and humidity conditions to ensure the success of
biological and medical processes. This study aims to design and implement an incubator temperature
control system based on a DHT21 sensor and relay module equipped with an automatic parameter
configuration feature. The system is designed to monitor environmental conditions in real-time and provide
automatic control responses based on user-defined set point values. The research methodology includes
hardware design, microcontroller-based software development, and system testing using measurement
data collected from several points inside the incubator chamber. The system is equipped with a 16x2 LCD
interface and navigation buttons for temperature and delay parameter settings. The results show that the
system is capable of maintaining temperature stability close to the set point value with relatively small
deviations. The DHT21 sensor demonstrated stable reading performance with differences still within the
tolerance limits compared to a reference instrument. In addition, the automatic parameter storage feature
improves operational convenience and system reliability. Therefore, the developed system can serve as an
economical, effective, and user-friendly alternative solution for laboratory-scale and educational incubator
applications.
Keywords: Incubator, DHT21, Control System, Relay, Automation